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National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), said in an interview. “That needs to stop.” Substance use disorder “does not diagnose anyone’s ability to parent,” said Dr. Hendrée Jones, executive director of the Miami Heat Victor Oladipo Slam Dunk Shirt and by the same token and University of North Carolina’s Horizons Program, a drug treatment program. “I have a woman getting ready to deliver, and she is terrified that somehow they’re going to find drugs in her system and Child Protective Services is going to be called and her baby’s going to be snatched away,” Jones said. A study published Wednesday in the Maternal and Child Health Journal that included 26 pregnant women in Massachusetts found that the decision whether to take anti-addiction medicines “was entirely wrapped up in what happened with respect to mandated reporting to Child Protective Services at the time of delivery,” said Dr. Davida Schiff, the study author and an addiction medicine specialist at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. Women in the study felt “intense anxiety and stress” under the threat that they would be reported to CPS. “This has led to many women either deciding to not start life-saving medication during pregnancy or to wean off of that life-saving medication during pregnancy and really risk poor outcomes for themselves and their babies,” Schiff said. The effects are not limited to Massachusetts. “Across the entire country, we’re seeing a general trend toward
more punitive policies, and those are kind of the Miami Heat Victor Oladipo Slam Dunk Shirt and by the same token and policies that consider substance use during pregnancy to be child abuse or neglect,” said Laura Faherty, a policy researcher at the RAND Corporation. Calls for change have an urgent timing. The rate of women with opioid-related diagnoses at the time of delivery increased by 131% from 2010 to 2017, according to a 2019 study. Research is ongoing, although addiction experts expect yet another significant rate increase after 2017. And the No. 1 cause of preventable death among pregnant and postpartum women in particular isn’t pregnancy-related at all. It’s drug overdose, NIDA’s Volkow said. “We know that mortality from overdoses is greater in women that are pregnant than counterparts of the same age that are not pregnant,” Volkow said. “This is extraordinarily important because it’s telling us that there’s something that is making these pregnant women more vulnerable.” According to a study published last year, the number of pregnant women and new mothers dying of drug overdoses reached a record high in 2020: 11.85 per 100,000, up from 6.56 per 100,000 in 2017. ‘Fetal personhood’ and substance use In 1974, Congress passed the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, known as CAPTA. It requires states to have a plan in place to address and respond to child abuse and neglect. The law has been revised over time, and now includes a provision that suggests child abuse can include babies born affected by drug withdrawal. It is up to each state to determine how to interpret CAPTA. Twenty-five states and Washington, D.C. consider substance abuse during pregnancy to be child abuse, according to the Guttmacher Institute, a reproductive health and policy research group. Those states require health care professionals to report any suspected
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